The behavior of Pacific herring schools in response to artificial humpback whale bubbles
نویسنده
چکیده
There have been numerous reports of humpback whales and other marine predators deploying bubbles during foraging activities. However, the effects of bubbles on schooling prey organisms remain poorly understood. We conducted a series of laboratory experiments to gain insight into the effect of bubbles on the Pacific herring, Clupra harengus pallasi, a principal prey species of the humpback whale, Megupreru novaeangliue. The fish exhibited strong avoidance of bubbles and could be contained within a circular bubble net. The herring schools were also reluctant to swim through a curtain of bubbles even when frightened. However, herring were much more willing to cross a bubble curtain or net if there was a larger aggregation of fish on the opposite side. Individuals and small groups of herring also waited for less time before crossing than did larger groups. These experiments suggest that herring have a strong fear of bubbles and can readily be manipulated or contained within bubble nets by predators. Rdsumd : De nombreux travaux signalent la production de bulles au cours des activites de recherche de nourriture chez les Rorquals a bosse et chez d'autres predateurs marins. Cependant, les effets de ces bulles sur les bancs de proies sont encore ma1 compris. Nous avons procede a une serie d'experiences en laboratoire dans le but d'essayer de comprendre l'effet des bulles sur le Hareng du Pacifique (Clupeu harengus pallusi). I'une des principales proies du Rorqual a bosse, Megaprera novaeangliae. Les harengs evitaient activement les bulles et ils pouvaient etre contenus dans un reseau circulaire de bulles. Les bancs de harengs hesitaient egalement 2 traverser un rideau de bulles, meme en cas d'alerte. Cependant, ils traversaient plus volontiers un tel rideau de bulles s'il y avait un banc relativement important de poissons de l'autre c6te. Les individus et les petits groupes hesitaient moins longtemps que les grands groupes avant de traverser. Ces experiences indiquent que les harengs sont trks apeures en presence de bulles et ils peuvent ttre facilement maitrises par leurs prkdateurs ou contenus 5 I'intkrieur de reseaux de bulles. [Traduit par la Redaction]
منابع مشابه
Humpback Whale Predation and the Case for Top-Down Control of Local Herring Populations in the Gulf of Alaska
C over the production of highly fecund species such as Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) has been attributed historically to bottom-up effects such as ocean conditions or food availability. In contrast, top-down control exists when predation limits population production. Recent observations of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) foraging on depressed herring populations suggests top-down c...
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